Came across this handy page during my searching travels.
Covers the common Context Properties and gives a little blurb on each.

This is taken from MSDN

Message Context Properties 

System properties are mostly used internally by BizTalk Messaging Engine and its components.
In general, changing the values set by the engine for those properties is not recommended,
because it may affect the execution logic of the engine. However, there are a large
number of properties that you can change.

The following table contains a list of message context properties that the Messaging
Engine can promote. You can use these properties for creation of filter expressions
on send ports and orchestrations in Microsoft%u00ae BizTalk Server 2006. A separate
table lists additional properties that may be of use in some BizTalk applications
that cannot be promoted.

For additional information about properties and property schemas associated with pipeline
components and adapters, see the following:

  • BizTalk
    Message Queuing Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • File
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • FTP
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • HTTP
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • MSMQ
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • SMTP
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • SOAP
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • BizTalk
    Framework Schema and Properties

  • MQSeries
    Adapter Properties

  • POP3
    Adapter Property Schema and Properties

  • Windows
    SharePoint Services Adapter Properties Reference

  • MIME/SMIME
    Property Schema and Properties

  • XML
    and Flat File Property Schema and Properties

Property When and where it is promoted Type Description

BTS.AckFailureCategory

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:int

Identifies the ErrorCategory, which gives the place and reason for the suspension.

BTS.AckFailureCode

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the ErrorCode, which gives the place and reason for the suspension.

BTS.AckID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the MessageID of the original message.

BTS.AckInboundTransportLocation

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the InboundTransportLocation from the original message.

BTS.AckOutboundTransportLocation

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the OutboundTransportLocation from the original message.

BTS.AckOwnerID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the instance ID from original message.

BTS.AckReceivePortID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the ReceivePortID from the original message.

BTS.AckReceivePortName

Promoted by the Messaging Engine for the acknowledgement message.

xs:string

Identifies the ReceivePortName from the original message.

BTS.AckSendPortID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the SendPortID from the original message.

BTS.AckSendPortName

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the SendPortName from the original message.

BTS.AckType

Promoted by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into
the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Allows monitoring of acknowledgements and non-acknowledgements by an orchestration.
The value will be ACK for an acknowledgment and NACK for a negative acknowledgment.

BTS.ActionOnFailure

This property can be set by an adapter prior to calling IBTTTransportBatch::SubmitMessage()
API to submit the message to BizTalk.

xs:int

Controls the behavior of the messaging engine when there is a failure in the receive
pipeline. Typically the messaging engine suspends failed messages; however, certain
adapters (like HTTP) would report the failure back to the client instead of suspending
the message on a receive pipeline failure.

Valid values:

  • Default. If the property does not exist, the messaging engine will automatically try
    to suspend the message.

  • 0. Indicates that the messaging engine should not automatically suspend the engine.

Other values are reserved for future use.

BTS.CorrelationToken

If this property is set on the message context, it is promoted by the Messaging Engine.
This property is set on a context implicitly when request-response adapter or an orchestration
submits a request message into the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Enables routing of response to request-response ports.

BTS.EpmRRCorrelationToken

Promoted by the Messaging Engine on request-response message execution. The property
is promoted before messages are submitted into the MessageBox database.

xs:int

Used internally by the Messaging Engine. Specifies the Server Name, Process ID and
a unique GUID for a request response stream of messages.

BTS.InboundTransportLocation

Promoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from a receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Specifies the location (URI) on which the message was received by the handler.

BTS.InboundTransportType

Promoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from a receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:string

Specifies the type of adapter that received this message and submitted it into the
server: FILE, HTTP, etc.

BTS.InterchangeSequenceNumber

Pomoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from the receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:int

Indicates the sequence number of the document in the interchange. If the document
is not part of an interchange that was disassembled into individual documents, then
this value will be 1. The property can be read in an orchestration, a send pipeline
and send adapter.

BTS.MessageDestination

This property can be set in the receive pipeline by a disassembler pipeline component
when it returns a message from GetNext().

xs:string

Used primarily to support Recoverable Interchange Processing in disassemblers, this
property controls whether a message is published to the message box or is suspended
into the suspend queue. If a pipeline encounters a bad message in an interchange and
wants to suspend the message and continue processing, it can do so by setting MessageDestination
= SuspendQueue and return the message when the engine calls GetNext() on the disassembler.

Valid values:

  • Default. If the property does not exist, the message is assumed good and is published
    to the message box.

  • SuspendQueue. Directs the messaging engine to suspend the message.
Note
The suspended message will be the post-pipeline/mapping message and not the message
submitted by the adapter (i.e. the wire message).

BTS.MessageType

Promoted by the disassembler pipeline components during message parsing.

xs:string

Specifies the type of the message. The message type is defined as a concatenation
of document schema namespace and document root node: http://MyNamespace#MyRoot.

BTS.OutboundTransportLocation

If this property is set on the message context, it is promoted by the Messaging Engine.
This property is set on a message context implicitly when an orchestration sends a
message to a send port. This property can be also set explicitly in an orchestration
or in a pipeline.

xs:string

Specifies the destination location URI where the message is sent. The URI may contain
the adapter prefix, such as http://. The adapter prefix is used by the Messaging
Engine to determine the type of adapter to use when sending the message. If both the
adapter prefix and the BTS.OutboundTransportType property are set, the adapter
type from BTS.OutboundTransportType always takes precedence over the adapter
type determined from the prefix.

Valid values:

BizTalk Message Queuing: DIRECT=, PRIVATE=, and PUBLIC=

FILE: file://

FTP: FTP://

HTTP: http:// and https://

SMTP: mailto:

SOAP: SOAP://

SQL: SQL://

BTS.OutboundTransportType

If this property is set on the message context, it is promoted by the Messaging Engine.
This property is set on a context implicitly when an orchestration sends a message
to a send port. This property can also be set explicitly in an orchestration or in
a pipeline.

xs:string

Specifies the type of adapter used to send the message. The available adapter types
are FILE, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, MSMQT (BizTalk Message
Queuing), SOAP, and SQL.

The values set on this property as well as adapter prefixes specified in the address
are not case-sensitive.

BTS.PropertiesToUpdate

An adapter sets this property when it needs to preserve some of the property values
on a failed message that is being resubmitted or suspended.

This means that when the message gets resubmitted or resumed, it will have the specified
properties set on the context.

xs:string

Contains an XML string with elements that represent property names, namespaces
and values.

BTS.ReceivePortID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from a receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:int

Identifies the receive port on which the message was received.

BTS.ReceivePortName

Promoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from a receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:string

User-friendly name of the receive port on which the message was received.

BTS.RouteDirectToTP

Promoted by the Messaging Engine on messages for loop back or request-response execution.
The property is promoted before messages are submitted into the MessageBox database.

xs:boolean

Used internally by the Messaging Engine to enable loop back and request-response scenarios.

BTS.SPGroupID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine when the message is sent to a send port from orchestration.

xs:string

Specifies the ID of the send port group.

BTS.SPID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine when a message is sent to a send port from orchestration.

xs:string

Specifies the ID of the send port.

BTS.SPTransportBackupID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine when a message is sent to a send port from an orchestration.

xs:string

Specifies the ID of the backup adapter in the send port.

BTS.SPTransportID

Promoted by the Messaging Engine when a message is sent to a send port from an orchestration.

xs:string

Specifies the ID of the primary adapter in the send port.

BTS.SuspendAsNonResumable

This property can be set by an adapter before calling SubmitMessage() or in an orchestration
before sending a message to a send port.

Note
SubmitRequestMessage() will ignore this property; two-way messages are always suspended
as non-resumable.

xs:boolean

Controls whether the Message Engine should suspend a message as non-resumable on message
failure. Typically messages are suspended as resumable but there are cases when this
is inappropriate — for example, resuming a message for an ordered send or receive
port would break message order.

Valid values:

  • False. Message is suspended as resumable (this is the default).

  • True. Message is suspended as non-resumable.

BTS.SuspendMessageOnRoutingFailure

Promoted by the Messaging Engine after receiving a message from a receive adapter
and before publishing it into the MessageBox database.

xs:boolean

Specifies behavior when a routing failure occurs with an incoming message.

Valid values:

  • Default / False. If the property does not exist or is set to False, the engine notifies
    the adapter of the error when a routing failure occurs.

  • True. The routing engine will suspend the message automatically when a routing failure
    occurs.
Note
The suspended message will be the post-pipeline/mapping message and not the message
submitted by the adapter (i.e. the wire message).

There are a number of other properties in this namespace that carry information that
may be useful for some BizTalk applications.

Property When and where it is promoted Type Description

BTS.AckDescription

Set by the Messaging Engine before publishing an acknowledgement message into the
MessageBox database.

xs:string

Identifies the ErrorDescription, which gives the place and reason for the suspension.

BTS.EncryptionCert

Not promotable.

xs:int

Identifies the thumbprint corresponding to the encryption certificate. Set this property
in an orchestration or custom pipeline component placed before the MIME/SMIME Encoder
pipeline component in a pipeline to perform response encryption on a request-response
port that is receiving a signed and encrypted message.

BTS.InterchangeID

Set by the Messaging Engine for each message that arrives on the server.

xs:string

Defines the unique ID that is used to group the documents that resulted from the same
interchange message.

BTS.Loopback

Set by an adapter when submitting the request message for loop back execution.

xs:boolean

Defines whether the message should be submitted into the server for a loop back execution.
In loop back execution, the request message is published into the MessageBox database
where it is routed directly to the receive adapter as a response.

BTS.SignatureCertificate

Set by some adapters when submitting a message into the server. This property is used
by the Party Resolution pipeline component.

xs:string

Identifies the thumbprint of the signing certificate that was used to sign the message
received by BizTalk Server.

BTS.SourcePartyID

Set by the Party Resolution pipeline component after the party has been identified
for the incoming message.

xs:string

The ID of the BizTalk party.

BTS.SSOTicket

If the receive adapter supports this property, it is set when publishing the message
to a server.

xs:string

A ticket contains the encrypted domain and username of the current user, as well as
the ticket expiration time. The ticket is used by SSO enabled adapters to get the
credentials for the user when authenticating with destination endpoints.

BTS.WindowsUser

Set by some adapters when submitting a message into the server. This property is used
by the Party Resolution pipeline component.